China has been more relying on the import of fossil fuels since 2009 soon after China became the biggest energy consumer and second largest oil importer, giving rise to more crisis and risks. Under such circumstances, the 2012 Report systematically discusses a series of topics pertaining to energy security, such as the complexity of the global energy market, risks assessment of China’s energy import, policies for strategic energy reserves, energy crisis and China’s economic growth, renewables and energy poverty, the environmental and health effects of energy consumption, energy conservation potentials for key sectors and regions, energy supply security warning and studies of international energy security.